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| | 为啥欧洲做得出光刻机，却做不出大模型？ | | | 科工力量 ｜ 2026-09-19 | | | |
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scroll 0 1 在几轮工业革命中长期领先的欧洲，到了人工智能时代，也开始担心自己掉队。
据英国《卫报》报道，9月14日，欧洲央行行长拉加德发出警告，欧洲必须发展自己的人工智能技术并建设更多数据中心，否则将面临被美国或者中国切断供应的威胁。
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拉加德在维也纳就欧洲与人工智能发表讲话
几乎同一天，路透社发布了一组数据。摩根大通估算，2025年ASML占全球光刻机市场的94%；在制造先进AI芯片所需的EUV光刻机领域，ASML仍然没有商业竞争对手，实际份额接近100%，产能已被预订至2027年。
一边掌握着全球先进制程的关键入口，一边却担心因为缺少好用的大模型而被中美“切断”。欧洲拥有最先进的工业技术，却被全球AI竞争挤到了中间。
更令欧洲不安的是，这一次把它挤到中间的已经不只是美国。随着中国大模型通过开源和低价迅速进入全球市场，AI竞争正在形成中美领跑、欧洲追赶的格局。
欧洲做得出光刻机，为什么做不出与中美抗衡的大模型平台？
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光刻机拼供应链，大模型拼平台
答案不在某一项技术，而在两类产业完全不同的组织方式。
一台EUV光刻机由超过10万个零部件组成，背后连接着一个高度专业化的跨国供应网络。ASML虽然是一家荷兰企业，但德国蔡司为其提供核心光学系统，德国通快负责高功率激光器，荷兰VDL等企业供应精密机械与模块，ASML承担的则是技术协调和系统集成。
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为啥欧洲做得出光刻机，却做不出大模型？
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