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scroll 0 1 在人类科学史上，极少有人能像Herbert Alexander Simon那样，以一人之力横跨如此众多的学科领域，并在每个领域都留下里程碑式的贡献。他是一位真正的“六边形天才”——在六个截然不同的学术方向上，都达到了世界级的巅峰。他的研究领域涉及认知心理学、计算机科学、人工智能、公共行政、经济学、管理学和科学哲学等多个方向。他是1975年图灵奖得主，1978年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。他的中文名字“司马贺”，恰如其分地暗示了这位美国学者与中国文化的不解之缘。
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从密尔沃基走出的通才
1916年6月15日，司马贺出生于美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市。父亲阿瑟·西蒙是德国犹太人，电机工程师，毕业于达姆施塔特工业大学，1903年迁居美国；母亲埃德娜·默克尔则出身于一个具有犹太、路德教派及天主教混合背景的家庭，自幼家境优渥，是一名专业钢琴家。司马贺在幼年受大自己三岁的舅舅哈洛德·默克尔启发甚深，哈洛德引导他阅读了大量经济学书籍，这多少影响了司马贺未来选择以人类行为为终生治学之标的。在这种“理性与感性”交融的家庭氛围中，司马贺自幼便展现出对知识的广泛兴趣。
然而，这位后来名震天下的通才，年轻时却是一位不折不扣的“问题少年”。从小学开始，西蒙就经常翘课学画画、弹钢琴；到了中学更加放肆，逃课、泡妞、打球时一言不合就动手。他在回忆录中这样为自己辩解：“高中那时的学业对我来说太容易，以至于我要不断地踢足球、打篮球、弹钢琴、和朋友聚会、集邮票、外出爬山旅行等来打发空闲的时间。”16岁时，靠着家里的关系进入芝加哥大学后，这位公子哥依然不务正业——继续旅行、画画、打牌，甚至找人约架，大学四年唯一拿了“优”的科目竟然是拳击。
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