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scroll 0 1 今年4月，“中国足协中国之队青少年励志计划”启动（以下简称“励志计划”），面向15至23岁、已入选各级国字号球队（国家队、国奥、国青、国少等）的球员，通过资金补贴等方式，鼓励他们赴海外进行高水平联赛训练、比赛和生活。
到了9月初，中国足协继续“加码”，与中国足球发展基金会联合推出“未来之星计划”，面向15至17岁的留洋球员，哪怕没进国字号球队，最高也可以拿到每年45万元的补贴。
“未来之星计划”是给“励志计划”打了一个充满增益效果的补丁。可以说，这也是考虑得比较周全的一份政策。因为在政策出台之前，中国足协经过了多方调研。7月时，甚至邀请了十多位球员及其家长在北京召开座谈交流会，宋凯、孙雯等足协领导和球员家长直接沟通，为的正是要保证钱能给出去，并且给出去的钱，可以高效地用在该用的地方。
留洋补贴新政可谓诚意满满，但未来的前景，却也是挑战重重。新政出台后，在舆论的一片叫好声中，也同样夹杂着令人无法回避的问题：只掏钱不赚钱，能持续多久？留洋更加有利可图，经纪人是否又会“群魔乱舞”？只补贴家庭不补贴培训机构，后者凭什么让你单飞？
这些担忧确实不无道理。毕竟，留洋是一个极其复杂、涉及多方利益的问题。
当初陈涛、张琳芃等没能留洋，都不是因为钱的问题。而武磊成功留洋，恰恰是少赚了很多钱。给钱，当然是投石问路的第一步，但要知道如何走下一步，就必须从历史中寻找答案。
01丨亲自下场大包大揽
要提高中国球员的水平，大多数人想到的第一个方法就是留洋。所以在过去四十年间，中国足球有多次大规模的留洋浪潮，并开创了各种模式。
第一种是成建制的整队留洋，包括上世纪90年代的健力宝队远赴巴西、“08之星”奔赴德国、恒大足校的马德里留洋计划。这个模式问题很多，譬如整体后勤跟不上、缺乏正规高水平比赛锻炼等等，但这个模式最大的问题，还是在于留洋环境太过舒适，选拔后缺乏即时淘汰机制、中文环境+同胞队友，没有打散到各俱乐部，导致场上场下都缺乏海外文化融入，也缺乏真刀真枪的历练。
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