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scroll 0 1 我记得小时候看人介绍他，说，“这是一个很少见的以自己名字成名的艺术家”，当时还奇怪呢，觉得难道还有不是以自己的名字成名？
当然了。
大家熟悉的Leonardo da Vinci啊。Vinci是Florenz省的一个小村，da=from/of。所以Raffael真正的名字是，Raffael da Urbino（Urbino也是Florenz的一个小村）。说起来Florenz，也是讲不完的故事，那是15，16世纪欧洲最富有的大都市之一，贸易金融中心（胜过罗马），也是公认的文艺复兴（Renaissance）和Renaissance-Humanismus（文艺复兴人文主义）的发源地。
保暖思那啥，没钱什么都做不了，文艺复兴最早在Florenz萌芽，会是没有原因的吗。
说到这些，中文一般只有Renaissance，对Humanismus提到的很少（仅就我自己见到的），我想主要的原因，还是不了解（不知道）。Renaissance-Humanismus是真正的思想启蒙运动，一种不同于当时传统认知的新的教育理念，简单说就是不以学科的实际应用价值判断其价值（好吧，就是学完了能不能赚到大钱不是标准），而认为教育本身就是他的目的。Humanist这个词最早出现在15世纪末，那时候是教授的一个头衔，有点类似学法律的叫Jurist(法学家？)，或者physicist, mathematician这些吧，到16世纪以后含义才扩大了，也就是说你可以把某一类人叫Humanist。
好了，说回Raffael。
你就算不知道Raffael，也一定见过这张画，也许是饼干桶，甚至是厕所手纸（突然想到一次看电视，记者拿着这张图问路人知不知道是谁画的，每个人都说见过，大概只有一个答对了）。
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其实呢，问知不知道是谁画的算是简单了，如果加大难度，那么应该问知不知道那幅画叫什么，在哪里。
那幅画叫Sixtinische Madonna，现在在德累斯顿的Zwinger，由当年的Polen-Sachsen国王August III在1754年从意大利教会购得。August III有点像中国历史上那些不思朝政只爱杂艺的皇帝，毕生致力搜罗天下艺术珍品，当他听说San Sisto修道院的僧侣们准备出售Sixtinische Madonna来资助修道院的修缮以后，立马找人联系（谈了两年），最后Papst Benedikt XIV拍板说可以卖才成交的。当然是巨款，传说是25,000Scudi(当时一个仆人的月薪是1Scudi)。
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